What principle does the law of conservation of energy uphold?

The law of conservation of energy states that in a closed system, the total amount of energy remains constant over time. This principle means that energy cannot be created or destroyed; rather, it can only be transformed from one form to another (such as from kinetic energy to potential energy or vice versa) or transferred between objects or systems. Regardless of these transformations and transfers, the overall energy quantity does not change.

This principle is foundational in physics and applies to various scenarios, including mechanical systems, thermodynamics, and even in the realm of electrical circuits. Understanding that energy remains constant in a closed system is essential for analyzing and predicting the behavior of physical systems in science and engineering.