What is the result of a gain or loss of electrons by an atom?

When an atom gains or loses electrons, it becomes charged. Atoms are normally neutral, with an equal number of protons (positively charged) and electrons (negatively charged). If an atom gains electrons, it acquires a negative charge because it has more negatively charged particles than positively charged ones. Conversely, if it loses electrons, it has a positive charge due to an excess of protons compared to electrons. This change in charge leads to the formation of ions, which are important in many chemical reactions and processes. Thus, the correct answer reflects the fundamental concept of atomic charge resulting from electron transfer.