What describes the electrical conductivity of metals?

Metals are characterized by their excellent ability to conduct electricity, primarily due to their atomic structure. The outer electrons in metal atoms are not tightly bound to their respective nuclei and can move freely, forming what is known as a "sea of electrons." This mobility allows electric charge to flow easily when a voltage is applied, making metals highly efficient conductors of electricity.

In addition to their inherent structure, metals typically have low electrical resistance, which means that they do not impede the flow of electric current significantly. This property is why metals like copper and aluminum are frequently used in electrical wiring and components.

The other options do not accurately describe the electrical conductivity of metals. While some materials may not conduct electricity or could show variable conductivity, these characteristics do not apply to metals as a general class.