What defines gravitational potential energy?

Gravitational potential energy is defined as the energy an object possesses due to its position in a gravitational field, specifically based on its height above a reference level. This energy is dependent on two key factors: the mass of the object and the height (or elevation) relative to a baseline, usually taken to be ground level or another defined point. The higher an object is positioned within a gravitational field, the more gravitational potential energy it has, as gravity exerts a force on the mass.

The formula for gravitational potential energy is given by ( PE = mgh ), where ( PE ) is potential energy, ( m ) is mass, ( g ) is the acceleration due to gravity, and ( h ) is the height above the reference level. This understanding is essential, particularly in fields such as physics and engineering, where potential energy calculations play a critical role in analyzing systems involving stored energy, such as in hydroelectric dams or roller coasters.

In contrast, energy based on the motion of an object relates to kinetic energy, energy released during chemical reactions refers to chemical energy, and energy derived from thermal conditions pertains to thermal energy, none of which accurately describes gravitational potential energy. Each of these other types of energy operates under different