What action typically increases or decreases temperature?

The action that typically increases or decreases temperature is heat transfer. Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance. When heat is transferred to an object, the energy causes the particles to move more rapidly, resulting in an increase in temperature. Conversely, when heat is lost or transferred away from an object, the movement of the particles slows down, leading to a decrease in temperature.

Heat transfer can occur via conduction (direct contact), convection (movement of fluids), and radiation (emission of energy as electromagnetic waves), all of which contribute to temperature changes in substances. Understanding this principle is crucial as it applies to various scientific concepts, including thermodynamics and energy conservation. The other options do not directly relate to the fundamental concept of temperature change through energy transfer.