How is it possible for temperature to measure energy?

Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance. As the temperature of a material increases, the average speed of its particles also increases, reflecting higher kinetic energy. This relationship stems from the notion that moving particles possess kinetic energy; thus, by measuring temperature, one can infer the energy resulting from this motion.

In the context of thermal energy, as particles move faster due to increased thermal energy, the temperature rises. Conversely, a decrease in temperature indicates slower-moving particles and, therefore, lower average kinetic energy. This fundamental principle is essential in understanding heat transfer, phase changes, and the behavior of gases, liquids, and solids at various temperatures. The concept that temperature equates to the average kinetic energy of molecular motion is a cornerstone of thermodynamics and plays a significant role in physical science.